Lesson 5: Applying Construction to Animals

1:37 AM, Tuesday August 17th 2021

Lesson 5 - Album on Imgur

Direct Link: https://i.imgur.com/haUv54N.jpg

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Here be, a few months later, animals of...varying quality! Some of this lesson did not turn out so great, but I didn't let myself redo any of it...it sure made me stop for a while though.

I may have misinterpreted a part of the homework. We were supposed to pick two non-hooved quadrupeds for that one part but the examples, which I didn't notice or think about until later, are all mammalian. Technically a Tegu lizard is a non-hooved quadrupedal animal, but if I have to redo that part so be it.

There's also considerable chunks where I use too many contour lines. I know and recognize that :(

Additionally I apparently have a habit of making heads too small. It gets better by the end but it's apparent. I also really am having trouble fighting the habit of going back over lines, but I'm trying.

And, finally, at some point my brain equated wrapping/outlining basic forms to outlining muscle masses. these are not the same. It gets better by the end, but it's in there.

Anyway here it is, parts of it are not good, but I feel like I understand the lesson...a bit. Still, if I have to redo, I gladly will. Thank you for your time.

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5:08 AM, Wednesday August 18th 2021

Starting with your organic intersections, these are for the most part moving in the right direction, but there are a few things I really want to stress. Firstly, avoid the whole "one big mothership form and a bunch of teeny weenies" thing. It just makes the exercise a lot harder than it needs to be, whereas keeping them more similar in size will help you pile them up more easily. Secondly, really do focus on the idea that you're creating a physically plausible pile of sausage forms. Don't glue forms onto the side - always abide by the rules of gravity.

Moving onto your animal constructions, your work here is coming along quite well. There are a few things I want to share with you to help you keep moving in the right direction, but I am pleased with how you're thinking through the way in which each animal is built up from simple forms, and through the manner in which those forms are combined with one another.

The first thing that stands out is simply that you're packing a lot of drawings into each page, and while it's certainly an admirable thing, it does also mean that you're ending up with a lot less space for each individual drawing. Giving yourself less room can make it harder for your brain to work through spatial problems, and can also make it harder to engage your whole arm while drawing. Always focus first on having that first drawing take as much room as it needs on the page, then once it's done, you can assess whether the leftover space can accommodate another drawing. If it can, then great - go ahead and add another. If it can't, it's okay to just have one drawing on a page - as long as you're making good use of that space. I definitely feel that with more space to work through these drawings (in some cases there was more space, but there were large gaps left between the drawings), you'd have benefitted more from each exercise.

The second point I wanted to call out is simply that you have a tendency to use a lot of contour lines, and many of them aren't actually contributing much. Contour lines - specifically those that sit on the surface of a single form, as we were introduced to in the organic forms with contour lines exercise from lesson 2, suffer from diminishing returns. Piling them onto a form without thinking about it can result in a lot of extra lines with minimal benefit. While it's an effective way of first introducing the concept of a contour line, it's important to keep in mind that they suffer from diminishing returns. The first contour line may have a lot of impact in helping to describe how a surface deforms through space, but the second will have less impact, and the third even less. Furthermore, there are situations where students will, knowing that they're going to pile on a ton of contour lines, put less effort into each individual one, leading to a situation where they're prioritizing quantity over quality (like the belly of your caiman).

The ghosting method itself has three distinct phases, and the first one - the "planning" step - is what helps us to avoid overusing this kind of technique. It requires us to determine what the purpose of a given mark is meant to be, how it's meant to accomplish that goal in the manner in which it's drawn, and whether another mark is already doing the same job.

Now, all contour lines are not the same - the type we introduced in the form intersections exercise, which define the relationship between multiple forms are much more effective, and can't actually be piled on in this manner (since there's only one intersection to be defined between two given forms). They have a lot more impact, and just help everything feel more solid without being wasteful.

Before I get into the last suggestion, I do want to remark that I think overall you're making a lot of great use of the additional masses, and while the overuse of contour lines is somewhat diminishing your progress there (students sometimes feel like they can "fix" imperfect additional masses by adding contour lines, when in fact only paying more attention to the design of that mass's silhouette will do the trick), I do think you're still making excellent progress here. You definitely think quite a bit about how those new masses wrap around the existing structure, and with continued practice I can see you getting even better at this.

The last thing I wanted to call out has to do with head construction. Looking at your approach, right now you still have a tendency to have a lot of eye sockets/eyes that float somewhat loosely on the head, which suggests to me that you haven't gone through this explanation of how to approach head construction from the informal demos page. While it is relegated to the informal demos page, that is really where the more recent stuff goes, until it can be integrated into the lesson proper - and this one in particular is linked off from the tiger head demo page, right at the top, because it's very important. It goes over how the head itself should be constructed in a way that wedges all of its elements together - the eye socket with the muzzle, with the browridge/forehead, etc. The specific eye socket shape, of an upturned pentagon, especially helps with this, but the mentality of all the pieces fitting together like a three dimensional puzzle is very helpful in maintaining a solid structure. So, I recommend you go through that explanation and try to apply the approach to your animal constructions in the future.

Anyway, all in all, you're making good progress, and I feel the points I've raised here should help continue pushing you forward. I'll go ahead and mark this lesson as complete, and leave you to apply those points on your own.

Next Steps:

Feel free to move onto the 250 cylinder challenge, which is a prerequisite for lesson 6.

This critique marks this lesson as complete.
9:55 AM, Wednesday August 18th 2021

Thank you once again for your quick and thorough critique.

Briefly addressing the organic intersections, I'll keep your points in mind. I'm not sure why I tend to draw them smaller and smaller but I'll try to keep everything more evenly sized and stacked over stuck.

As for the animal sizes I'm fairly certain I was of the mindset that doing only one or two large drawings per page felt lazy, like an quick way to go "Look I did a whole page huhu." But you are absolutely right, making them larger would allow for more time to be spent and reduced the messiness of some of them. I'm glad to know that, should the drawings require it, just one per page would be acceptable. And also yes, I found that very frequently I'd have to stop myself from drawing from the wrist due to the smaller sizes. I'll focus on giving the subjects the space they need in the future.

And the second point yeah, I knew even while I was putting them down I was using too many. I'd go "Ok, this lump or muscle here looks a little odd, put a line to show how it flows." And that would repeat, which would result in an entire grid on the drawing, and like in most of the heads they'd look indescipherable from the actual, packed on masses they're trying to help describe. I am and will continue to try to only apply them when necessary.

I will say though, before I continue, in an absolutely unimportant, and trivial matter that's besides the point, the Caiman belly lines were not contour lines, they were supposed to be where the belly scales wrap up from the bottom. I don't know why, in all of the drawings with zero detail work done, I tried to include those but they definitely should not have been added. Still, they're besides the point. I was using and still do use too many contour lines.

I will say, I do actually employ the ghosting regularly for the larger masses and broader contours. My hands tend to shake quite a bit and this method helps enormously in planning how the lines will end up. I will admit though that I don't employ the technique as often as I probably should...like with the caiman. The lines were small and I didn't give them the time. Bad habit.

As for intersection lines I find I have a little trouble with them. My lines usually end up bold and dark already (not on purpose, more practice is needed) and when I try to add emphasis on intersection lines they end up too pronounced. I suppose it's just something else to practice.

I'm glad to know that my progress is notable and that the mistakes I'm making are common ones, that's a good sign that they're easier to correct.

As for my head construction, I did actually review that lesson but only once and it was months ago. I'll definitely give it a more thorough studying. Some of it's content I did try to apply to some of the animals, but it was usually more of an afterthought than a foundation. In many cases the eye sockets were somewhere near the middle to the last third or so of the head, muzzles and beaks first usually followed by jawlines. Very often though the issue became a lack of space. Once I'd add the eyelids things would be too messy to tell what I was really looking at anymore, let alone some kind of bone or muscle mass around the eyebrows or something. Anyway, I'll give that lesson the attention is deserves.

Here at the end I actually have a question. More often than not, I'd find myself outlining masses and shapes on the inside of the animals, on their bellies and ribcages and such, and I was wondering if I should actually be doing that or focusing more on the broader shapes, because while I don't mind trying to analyze and piece together masses like a puzzle of sorts, I'd find it makes the overall drawing a bit busy and, when combined with even a normal amount of contours, they tended to look like...well a lot. The same goes for things like legs to an even greater degree, even, due to their smaller space. Anyway, Should I be outlining things like muscles and tendons and such or should I keep the shapes more bare and rely more on silhouetting? I know you mentioned this earlier and while I'm glad to know I wrap things around the existing structure well, I'm wondering more about the inside of the silhouette/drawing. Or is what I was doing already just fine and I should just try to clean things up a little with less contour lines?

Once again, thank you for your time and patience in this course as well as your thorough critique and advice. I'll continue to practice and keep this and your previous critiques as well as the other instructors' in mind as I move forward. Yay...cylinders.

3:22 PM, Wednesday August 18th 2021

To your question, thete certainly is value to designing the addition masses along the inside of the animal's silhouette. You're right that it does make the resulting drawing more visually noisy but it is with purpose - and keep in mind that these drawings are each exercises in spatial reasoning. If it improves what we gain from the exercise, then the impact on the end result isn't significant.

11:01 PM, Wednesday August 18th 2021

Fair enough, we aren't making pretty pictures, we're learning to build. Thank you!

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