0 users agree
8:36 PM, Thursday May 29th 2025

Before I get into your feedback in detail, looking at it as a whole, I get the impression that having to work within the limited sizes of ellipses, and thus wheel structures, permitted by your master ellipse template may have caused you to somewhat modify your own sense of what it means to put as much time into the task as it requires of you. In past lessons - especially Lesson 6 - you've demonstrated that you are indeed capable of considerable patience and care with your work, but the manner in which you've approached your work here doesn't really follow that trend. It's not to say that you didn't work hard on this - you certainly did - but as I see it here, the limited space in which you were forced to work seems to have predisposed you to approaching each individual mark less meticulously - likely on the basis of each mark seeming far less important, far less worth the time investment that they'd have demanded were they several times larger.

Now this is obviously contrary to what we expect from students, but I do at least think I understand the logic behind why it occurred. Ultimately the takeaway from this is that you are still very much susceptible to drawing without necessarily thinking through every choice you're making. While that is ultimately the goal of everything we're doing here - to be able to rely on your subconscious and your reflexes to take care of the "how" everything should be drawn, freeing our cognitive resources up to focus on what it is we wish to draw, in order to achieve that we have to be hyper-intentional with every choice we make throughout the work we do in this course. Attempting to rely on those instincts in any capacity for our work here will undermine that pursuit.

You've demonstrated yourself to be patient and careful before, but what this reveals is that there are still factors that can undermine that focus, and so you need to be that much more aware of what it is you're doing in the moment, and to push back against the temptation to just draw what you see without thinking about the underlying forms, or putting marks down without appropriate consideration and planning as to what each mark is meant to accomplish, and how it can be best drawn to achieve that goal.

Now, getting to he specific feedback itself, and starting out with the structural aspect of the challenge, when it comes to the body of the wheel you're handling it quite well. You're using several ellipses to build out the structure and control its profile effectively, in terms of whether it gets wider through the midsection to appear more inflated and "bouncy" as a result of the curving profile, or whether it is straight across to give a more rigid, dense, and heavy appearance. When it comes to the rims/spokes, here your work varies more - the more complex it gets, the less carefully you draw each individual mark (number 20 for instance has gaps/overshoots, and the linework generally appears more scratchy as a result - ultimately smaller lines like this are more difficult to control, but ultimately it's something that simply demands a lot more time from us).

I also noticed that you tended to fill the side planes of your spoke structures, you tended to try and fill these in (either with solid black or with hatching). Generally we want to avoid hatching of this sort in this course (we only really use it when drawing primitive forms, to help clarify which side is facing the viewer when drawing through them), and we want to reserve those filled black shapes for cast shadows only, not form shading (as discussed here.

Additionally, when drawing the spokes, you frequently do so without consideration to the thickness of the structure and how that would impact the depth at which the different components of the form connect to the inner tube of the wheel. Here's what I mean - the side plane of the spoke should be connecting further back, but the way you're drawing it doesn't take that depth into consideration.

Continuing onto the textural aspect of the challenge, this is honestly an intentional trap. Being as far removed from Lesson 2 as we are, it's very common for students to forget the specifics of how we are meant to tackle texture. What is unfortunately less common is having students actually go back and review that material to refresh their memory. Some will remember that we generally try to make use of filled areas of solid black, but don't necessarily check how we use them, and others will just fixate on drawing purely from observation and figuring out how to capture what they're seeing in whatever way suits them in the moment. I think it's fair to say that you fell into the latter category.

When it comes to texture specifically - at least, how we handle it here, which is very specific to this course and what it seeks to develop in our students - we are ultimately looking at the same kind of problem that the course as a whole explores: spatial reasoning. We imply the marks we draw (you can refer to the implicit vs explicit markmaking section for more specific information on this) by drawing the shadows our textural forms cast on their surroundings, not by drawing the forms themselves (in terms of outlining them, or otherwise drawing anything about the form itself). It's the shape of the shadow itself, which is designed based on our understanding of the relationship in 3D space between the form casting it and the surface receiving it. And so, as stressed in these reminders, in this course we're never just drawing what we see. We're looking at our references, and understanding what they tell us about the forms in question, and then deciding on how to convey the relationships between them in space.

The reason we use implicit markmaking instead of explicit is fairly simple, although it's not always obvious. One might draw a wheel with full detail, drawing every last little textural element in its entirety, and have it look excellent floating in the void. But when it becomes part of an existing drawing, all of that packed detail can actually work against you by drawing the viewer's eye to it whether you want it to or not. This interferes with our ability to control composition (which is all about dictating how the viewer experiences a piece, what they look at and in which order), which while outside of the scope of this course, is still something I want to give students the tools to engage with more easily.

Explicit markmaking basically locks us into an agreement with the viewer: whatever is drawn is present, and whatever has not been drawn, is not present. And therefore to convey each textural form, we have to declare its presence explicitly. Implicit markmaking on the other hand gives us more freedom by disconnecting the marks we draw from the specifics of what is present. It relies on how, as shown in this diagram, depending on how far the form is from the light source, the angle of the light rays will hit the object at shallower angles the farther away they are, resulting in the shadow itself being projected farther. Even if we set aside considerations to where the light source is in order to keep everything consistent (something that is more broadly important, but not really relevant to what we're doing in this course), it provides us with a logical framework in which to work where the exact same textural form in different locations on an object can cast entirely different shadows, ranging from ones that are not even visible to ones that get so large they merge into one another.

It is the logical framework - meaning, some consistent set of rules that the viewer will pick up on subconsciously (because it matches some aspect of how the real world works) - that allows us to lay down hints which the viewer's brain can then use to understand how to fill in the sections we haven't drawn. Doing it purely based on what you observe in your reference will more likely feel arbitrary. Eventually your instincts will be more developed, and what you reach for when putting marks down without thinking about it will better match up with this logical framework, but it's only by applying it more intentionally - which means taking your time - that this will occur. And again, that means following the process of these textural exercises.

When it comes to those tires with shallow grooves, or really any texture consisting of holes, cracks, etc. it's very common for us to view these named things (the grooves, the cracks, etc.) as being the textural forms in question - but of course they're not forms at all. They're empty, negative space, and it's the structures that surround these empty spaces that are the actual forms for us to consider when designing the shadows they'll cast. This is demonstrated in this diagram. This doesn't always actually result in a different result at the end of the day, but (at the risk of sounding like a broken record) as these are all exercises, how we think about them and how we come to that result is just as important - if not moreso.

Now I don't generally assign revisions based on the textural stuff, since it's part of an intentional trap to provide a sharper reminder that we may have allowed certain concepts from the course to slip through the cracks, in forgetting to include them in our warmup routine (so they consider what all might fall into that category, and consciously review that material before continuing on to complete the last lesson of the course). That said, since your approach has fallen somewhat short of taking care and time with each mark on the structural side of things, I will be assigning some limited revisions to give you the opportunity of handling that better before continuing on.

Next Steps:

Please submit 5 additional wheels. Continue to use your ellipse guide, but take far more time with each individual mark, and be sure to hold to the principles of the course in terms of building things up from simple to complex. Also, you might find this to be easier if you use a ballpoint pen instead of a fineliner (as recommended in the instructions for this challenge).

When finished, reply to this critique with your revisions.
4:13 PM, Friday May 30th 2025

Thank you for your detailed and constructive criticism. While it's difficult to face, I agree that it is 100% accurate and extremely helpful. Upon reflection, I did not approach these wheels with the same attention to detail and precision that I have with other lessons and challenges. I wish I had recognized it myself but later is better than never! On a personal note, I even felt different doing this challenge... it was the first time that I experienced a lot of frustration and boredom with the assignment and I think that was due in large part to the mindset that you identified as affected by the size of the objects being drawn. I find it very difficult to draw the details cleanly at this size and so reverted to a "sketchy" mindset.

Anyway, you've put me back on track but before I continue with the other four revisions I was hoping that I could share this one with you and see if you agree that my approach is better and you're seeing the improvements that you asked for. Certainly my process has changed even if the resulting wheel is still not as clean as I'd like.

Here is my first revision: https://imgur.com/a/dab-25-wheels-challenge-revisions-EMABZhq

5:42 PM, Friday May 30th 2025

Structurally you're on the right track, but texturally keep working on thinking about the individual textural forms and the shadows they cast. Since your shadow shapes are small, you can fill them in the same pen you're using now - the larger one you seem to be using is far less precise at that scale and results in some clumsiness.

Also, note that students generally should not be submitting partial work in order to get feedback in the middle. We operate on limited resourced, and so our own time has to be leveraged with care, and providing feedback partway through is just as time consuming as doing it at the end. Sure, students may end up having to do more work as a result, but that's the trade off for our extremely low price point.

8:20 PM, Monday June 2nd 2025

I've completed my five revisions and added them to the gallery here: https://imgur.com/a/dab-25-wheels-challenge-revisions-EMABZhq

I switched to a finer ballpoint and that helped a lot. I also reviewed the texture portion of lesson two and skimmed through other submissions to see how they approached the challenge. I think I did a much better job here and I hope you agree, but if not, please let me know where else I can improve. I certainly struggled with the size of the details and my pen control is still not as neat as I'd like it but I think I got the texture/cast shadows concept further locked in.

Thanks for your time.

View more comments in this thread
The recommendation below is an advertisement. Most of the links here are part of Amazon's affiliate program (unless otherwise stated), which helps support this website. It's also more than that - it's a hand-picked recommendation of something we've used ourselves, or know to be of impeccable quality. If you're interested, here is a full list.
Sakura Pigma Microns

Sakura Pigma Microns

A lot of my students use these. The last time I used them was when I was in high school, and at the time I felt that they dried out pretty quickly, though I may have simply been mishandling them. As with all pens, make sure you're capping them when they're not in use, and try not to apply too much pressure. You really only need to be touching the page, not mashing your pen into it.

On the flipside, they tend to be on the cheaper side of things, so if you're just getting started (beginners tend to have poor pressure control), you're probably going to destroy a few pens - going cheaper in that case is not a bad idea.

In terms of line weight, the sizes are pretty weird. 08 corresponds to 0.5mm, which is what I recommend for the drawabox lessons, whereas 05 corresponds to 0.45mm, which is pretty close and can also be used.

This website uses cookies. You can read more about what we do with them, read our privacy policy.