Lesson 5: Applying Construction to Animals

6:53 PM, Friday March 13th 2020

Lesson 5 - Album on Imgur

Direct Link: https://i.imgur.com/ldBL9nm.jpg

Post with 4 votes and 205 views. Tagged with drawing, learning, animal d...

Hello!

Here is my homework for lesson 5.

Have a wonderful day!

0 users agree
9:13 PM, Saturday March 14th 2020

Starting with your organic intersections, you're doing a pretty good job with these. The key strength that stands out is that your shadows wrap really nicely around the surfaces upon which they're cast. This suggests that you've got a good grasp of how they exist in 3D space.

Moving onto your animal constructions, the first thing that jumps out at me is a matter of proportion and observation. Constructing animals is by its very nature, complicated. It can be quite a challenge, and therefore when we think to draw any particular animal, our brain can very quickly become somewhat overwhelmed by all the things involved. There are so many things to manage all at once, and our brain can only accomplish so much all at once.

One major aspect of the process that ends up getting left by the wayside is the time investment into actually observing and studying your reference - and more importantly, doing so frequently, instead of attempting to rely on our limited capacity for remembering. To put it simply, because you're not looking back at your reference to refresh your memory often enough, you're ending up with proportions that are seriously deviating from reality.

Now, issues with proportions are totally normal - Drawabox focuses primarily on construction, and refining your grasp of proportion largely comes with practice. That said, continually looking back at your reference and only looking away for long enough to put down one mark or one form with very specific properties informed by what you saw in the reference, is a matter of process and methodology. So, looking at cases like this cat where the relationship between the head, the torso, and the length of the limbs are so exaggerated, this is definitely something that can be at least improved upon by shifting where your time is being invested.

So critique point 1: observe your reference more carefully, more consistently and more frequently. Don't rely on your memory.

Next, let's look at how you applied construction. I can very clearly see that you tried to apply the principles of construction throughout the drawings, and you did demonstrate in a number of places an overall respect for how different forms interact with one another in space. The only drawing where I felt that was really lacking was near the beginning, with this bird. Specifically, how you simply extended the silhouette of the torso up into a neck, and swallowing up the cranium. There's no clear connection where the neck fuses to the torso, and the neck itself doesn't really exist as its own form.

You definitely got better at that throughout the lesson, but I think you had a tendency of making your constructions a lot more complicated than they needed to be. It's not that this was inherently wrong, because in many cases the relationships between the forms are established, it's just that if you look at my demonstrations (like this donkey), every added form serves a clear purpose, whereas in yours it seems like you're attaching new forms more willy-nilly.

There are of course more specific issues that I'll address as well:

  • You seem to construct your legs in a variety of ways, from some tubes with bends in them, to a loose approximation of the sausage method that misses certain important elements. The sausage method should be used to construct the legs for all of your animals (that means every sausage being simple, two equally sized spheres connected by a tube of consistent width, AND that the joints between them must be reinforced with a single contour line with no other contour lines along the length). The key is that we're building a base structure or armature. The leg itself doesn't have to be a bunch of skinny sausages - wherever necessary we can go back and add bulk to those sections. This is best done by wrapping new additional masses to those forms (being aware of how they actually wrap around the existing structure, rather than simply enveloping a sausage form in a larger form as you did for this squirrel).

  • When adding additional masses, remember that each mass itself has its own volume and thickness. Along this deer's back, you drew it in such a way that it smoothed itself to match the profile of the existing structure. I demonstrated this here for another student - notice how the bottom example has a clear pinch that shows how the additional mass is adding its own volume to the construction.

  • While this is present in both your deer, notice how the front leg here just jutts out of the bottom of the body? There's no suggestion of a shoulder muscle, and while you've at least drawn the beginnings of a circle to imply the muscles at the hip, there's no actual bulk added there. Additional masses can, and should be used to imply the presence of different muscle groups that you may see in your reference images.

  • Looking at this bird again, when drawing the texture of its feathers, you've drawn and outlined each and every feather individually. I strongly recommend you go back through the new texture section in lesson 2. While the elements covered there were present when you'd have gone through that section last, I've rewritten it and recorded more video material to help explain the importance of drawing cast shadows, not outlines, in order to imply textural forms rather than forcing ourselves to have to draw each and every one.

Now I've listed a lot here for you to tackle, so for now I'll leave it at that.

Next Steps:

First, I'd like you to draw a long with the donkey construction demo to better understand how to approach construction in a way that is more structured and planned. I think you tended to approach construction more haphazardly simply because of the overwhelming nature of the task - we tend to fall back to what we know, and while you have developed some strong spatial reasoning skills, the underpinnings on how to break an object down into its core forms is not yet there. When you feel overwhelmed by a particular drawing, instead of drawing what your instincts tell you comes next, take a step back and take stock of the whole problem. Stepping back, and even stepping away for a moment, can help give you a different perspective.

Then, I'd like to see 5 more animal drawings, focusing entirely on construction with no texture whatsoever.

When finished, reply to this critique with your revisions.
1:14 PM, Monday March 23rd 2020

Hello!

Here is my second attempt https://imgur.com/a/Dtj25xS

Have a wonderful day!

8:31 PM, Monday March 23rd 2020

There are definitely improvements here, but alongside them there are some issues I addressed previously that haven't been corrected (at least not consistently), and some additional things to point out.

  • For the sausage method, you're using it more correctly in some places (like this drawing, though some of the ends of your sausages are a bit more smushed/flattened), but there are plenty of cases where you did not employ it consistently. For example, this great dane's back leg has one sausage-like form for the thigh, but the lower leg is entirely different. It looks like you were thinking about drawing a sausage, but failed to draw through the form entirely. Also, for the front legs, you're using tubes instead, and adding contour lines along their lengths. Review these notes again.

  • It's worth noting that the great dane's muzzle was very well constructed. The silhouette goes a long way to establish how it sits in 3D space as a three dimensional form, as well as how it connects to the cranial ball. The eye sockets aren't maintaining the kind of shape shown here. This is a problem throughout your drawings, where you're not drawing eye sockets in a way that actually reflects their proper shape. You're also not drawing eyeballs (which are important, because we wrap the eyelids around them). Lastly, remember that with face construction, we treat the major elements as though they're 3D puzzle pieces that all fit together. That goes for the muzzle, eye socket, brow ridge, cheek bone, etc. We do the same thing for the additional masses we add on the body - having them fit together helps convey a more believable structure.

  • The additional masses largely help us capture the effects that individual muscle groups have on the body. The way you drew a single mass along the whole of the back here really defeats this purpose, and robs us of the kinds of pinches we get with smaller additional masses. I demonstrate the kinds of pinches and bumps you get in this set of notes I did for another student earlier today.

  • On the tail of this rat, you've got a lot of contour lines, and they're effectively doing nothing. Contour lines have diminishing returns - the first will contribute a fair bit, the second much less, the third even less. Think of the marks you draw as having a particular job or task to accomplish, and think about what that is before drawing them. Consider whether or not the mark you're about to put down will actually be the best choice for the job. As far as making the tail feel three dimensional, there are two things that will help accomplish this. One is establishing how the tail connects to the rest of the construction (you did this, so good job), and the second is keeping the tail simple. You've got pinching/swelling through its length which adds complexity and undermines the illusion that it is three dimensional.

  • I can definitely see a lot of places where you're adding additional forms and actually thinking about how they wrap around the underlying structure, and that's great. There are still however places where you're still just putting down flat shapes. This simply tells me that it's something you're working on and getting better at, but it is always important to keep this in your mind at all times.

  • When asking for revisions, I mentioned that your drawings should have no texture or detail whatsoever. You appear to have ignored this for a couple of your drawings. Knowing we'll add detail/texture to a drawing can cause us to skip over steps, to rush through them, and to spend less time observing/studying our reference when actually working through the construction. As a whole, your constructions are still pretty simplistic, and are largely focusing on major elements. As you draw these animals, try and break down your form information, find the smaller elements and work more on getting everything to fit together.

Your work on the donkey demo is actually pretty good, and I do think that going through it helped you work on some of the issues I'd explained previously. You simply have further to go, and to spend more time observing your reference image to pick out the wealth of information that is there without getting distracted by all the detail. That's the difference between following along with a demonstration, and drawing from a photograph. The demonstration has already stripped away the unnecessary information. The photograph leaves you to work out how to do that on your own.

Next Steps:

I've outlined a number of areas for improvement here, so I'd like to see another 4 animal constructions - again, no detail or texture. Take your time, and spend more of it observing and studying your reference images to focus on the structural elements under all of the detail. You're taking your drawings in the right direction in many ways, but I wouldn't consider them to be "done". There's much more to be captured that falls under construction and form.

When finished, reply to this critique with your revisions.
2:08 PM, Monday March 30th 2020

Hello again Uncomfortable,

Here is the third attempt https://imgur.com/a/hAP3fhI

I've tried to work on individual parts like the: head, legs and eyes, just to better understand them, i know that grinding is something you don't recommend, i just don't want to redo drawings just because some part comes out much worse than others and it ruins the drawings solidity.

Thank you again,have a wonderful day and stay safe!

View more comments in this thread
The recommendation below is an advertisement. Most of the links here are part of Amazon's affiliate program (unless otherwise stated), which helps support this website. It's also more than that - it's a hand-picked recommendation of something I've used myself. If you're interested, here is a full list.
The Science of Deciding What You Should Draw

The Science of Deciding What You Should Draw

Right from when students hit the 50% rule early on in Lesson 0, they ask the same question - "What am I supposed to draw?"

It's not magic. We're made to think that when someone just whips off interesting things to draw, that they're gifted in a way that we are not. The problem isn't that we don't have ideas - it's that the ideas we have are so vague, they feel like nothing at all. In this course, we're going to look at how we can explore, pursue, and develop those fuzzy notions into something more concrete.

This website uses cookies. You can read more about what we do with them, read our privacy policy.