Lesson 2: Contour Lines, Texture and Construction

8:37 PM, Sunday April 19th 2020

Drawabox Homework 2.1 - Album on Imgur

Imgur: https://imgur.com/gallery/4981kIz

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Hello!

Thank you so much for guiding me through how to link my Reddit account.

Here are the links for Lesson 2:

Drawabox Homework 2.1

https://imgur.com/gallery/4981kIz

Drawabox 2.2

https://imgur.com/gallery/Ag4G9gy

Drawabox 2.3

https://imgur.com/gallery/y38llsC

All of these were quite challenging, especially the texture analysis and form intersections. At the same time I do feel like I got better at coordination and observing. I do use some of the exercises from lesson 1 as occassional warmups. Analyzing the textures and replicating them on paper felt like it was the most tricky. I'm looking forward to reading your critique.

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8:24 PM, Monday April 20th 2020

Alrighty! Starting with your arrows, these are definitely flowing very nicely, and you've drawn them with a nice fluid, confident motion. I am noticing that a lot of your arrows have the impression of moving more across the surface of the page rather than through the depth of the scene, however. On your first page you tended to keep all the perspective fairly shallow - you improved upon this in your second page by varying the width of the ribbon as it moves back in space, but you're not applying perspective's compression of space as consistently to the distances between the zigzagging sections. Those gaps should also be compressing, reflecting the same application of perspective as the positive space (the ribbons themselves). This will lead to more overlapping between those sections as we look farther back, and will sell a much stronger impression of depth in the scene.

Moving onto your organic forms with contour lines, you've done a good job of sticking to the simple sausage characteristics I outlined in the instructions. You're also doing a pretty good job of keeping the contour ellipses and contour curves snug between the edges of the sausage form's silhouette.

There are a few areas where these could be improved, however. Your contour ellipses are generally drawn with some hesitation - as a result, there's less confidence driving the stroke and the ellipses come out somewhat unevenly shaped. Remember that these marks, as with all marks, should be drawn using the ghosting method. This means that the last phase of the process - the execution of the mark - should be done without hesitation. Any opportunity to avoid a mistake at this stage in terms of accuracy has passed, so all you can really do is push it out with confidence.

Additionally, the degree of your ellipses doesn't seem to reflect the natural shift we should be seeing along the length of the form. The degree (width) of each contour ellipse or curve basically represents its orientation in space relative to the viewer. The narrower the degree, the more that circular cross-section is turned away from the viewer, the wider the degree the more it is turned towards the viewer. At any point along a given form, those cross-sections will have a different orientation in relation to the direction the viewer is looking. This means that, as shown here, those degrees are going to get narrower or wider as we slide along the length of the form.

I noticed that in your contour ellipses, you were including smaller contour ellipses at the tips of the forms. This is good to see - but the issue is that these were missing from your contour curve exercises. You may have thought that since these are full ellipses that they should not have been drawn here, but that is not the case. The difference between the contour curves and contour ellipses portions of the exercise is that we're effectively drawing the same thing, it's just that in the contour ellipses portion we're doing so as though we have "x-ray vision", being able to see through the forms and perceive the lines as they wrap all the way around the form.

Since the contour curves portion instead focuses on what we can see with normal vision, if the tip of a sausage form is facing the viewer, then we'd generally be able to see the full contour line all the way around, as shown here. You'll notice that the tip on the far right side has a full ellipse, because we'd reasonably be able to see the entirety of that surface, and the line that wraps around it.

Lastly, I noticed that with your contour curves, you frequently had some trouble aligning your contour curves to the central minor axis line, as your curves had a tendency to come out more slanted - especially when the sausage form was turning. This is definitely something to focus on when doing this exercise in the future.

Moving onto the texture analyses, you've got a pretty good start, but there's definitely still a very heavy reliance on working with line rather than shape. Now, your observational skills are coming along great - you're demonstrating a lot of attention to detail, and a keen eye for perceiving the various different bits of form information that is present at a very micro-level of your textures. Ultimately, what you need to continue working on doing is not thinking about capturing all of that information by using simple lines and outlines.

The difference between a line and a shape is that a line is, aside from some minimal weight variation, is going to remain pretty consistent and uniform in its thickness. A shape, on the other hand, is far more flexible. A shape can get very skinny in places (similar to a line), but it can expand however it needs to, becoming very wide suddenly, and extending in whatever different directions it needs to. A shape's variation exists in two dimensions, whereas a line's variation exists only in one.

Line itself does not exist in the real world - the things we perceive as line are usually a shadow being cast from one thing onto another, or at least a similar element of lighting, and these all exist as shapes even if they appear to be quite narrow and skinny. The difference comes down to how you think about them. When drawing a shape, it's more effective to actually outline the shape, then fill it in. When drawing a line, you're really just going to draw a line and be done with it.

So, long story short - you need to entirely stop yourself from using any line whatsoever in these exercises, and to think about your textures in terms of the actual 3D forms that exist along the surface of these objects. From there, consider the shapes individually and the kind of shadows they'll cast along their surroundings. Your reference image will help you with much of this, but you cannot simply draw exactly what you see - you need to be able to understand how it exists in space as well.

Looking at the longer rectangle section in each row in your texture analysis exercise, notice how you have the black bar on the left that is entirely visible and distinguishable from the texture you've drawn to its right? This black bar, when this exercise is done correctly, should be seamlessly integrated into the texture you've drawn. That means you should not be able to identify where that black bar ends, and where the texture begins. Reason being, this part of the exercise is to take the information from your reference image and to use it to be able to create a gradient from full black to full white, smoothly transitioning from one to the other with no sudden jumps.

Now, your dissections are showing definite growth - I'm seeing a greater tendency to rely more on shadows, though you've still got a mix throughout. You also do have some cases where you're using erratic scribbling as an approach for capturing a texture, which as explained here is not something you should be doing when capturing texture. Your marks should be intentional, and specifically informed by things you see in your reference, essentially transferring that visual information bit by bit.

Looking at your form intersections, there are a couple concerns that stand out to me. Most of these are, I think, due to the amount of time since you submitted the 250 box challenge - meaning that you've likely had pretty significant gaps in your practice, and you may well have forgotten a number of concepts, techniques, etc along the way. This sort of thing happens, but it does need to be corrected.

First and foremost, your line quality is visibly shaky and hesitant, and I'm not seeing signs that you're employing the ghosting method for these marks. This means you're likely executing the marks more slowly, and not confidently and free from hesitation. You mentioned that you'd do exercises from Lesson 1 as occasional warmups - I think this needs to be expanded upon, as you should be doing those warmups for 10-15 minutes at the beginning of each sitting.

Secondly, your box constructions are a bit erratic. The convergences between your sets of parallel lines are pretty inconsistent, and if we were to apply the line extensions (like in the 250 box challenge) to these, you'd see that many of them would be pretty much all over the place. The key thing to keep in mind is that whenever you're drawing any one line in a box, you need to be thinking of only the other three lines to which it will be running parallel. These lines may not have all been drawn yet, but you need to consider how you're going to orient this one stroke such that it converges with the other at a single, shared vanishing point. Don't think about any other lines, don't think about the back corner of the box (which many people fixate on since it is the most notable and most visible symptom of bad convergences). Think only about converging those lines consistently. Of course, use of the ghosting method helps with this.

Thirdly, I did mention in the instructions for this exercise that you should avoid forms that are overly stretched in any one dimension (like longer cylinders), and stick to those that are roughly equilateral (the same size in all three dimensions). This is simply to avoid bringing further foreshortening difficulties into an exercise that is already challenging on its own.

I'm glad to see that you tried to tackle the actual intersections between the forms. This is not a major focus of the exercise, but it is something I want students to attempt simply because it serves as an introduction to the concept of spatial relationships, which is (as explained in Lesson 0) a major element within this course as a whole. We'll continue exploring this throughout the later lessons, but having it introduced now - even though students generally are not going to be able to apply them correctly - will help us to continue thinking about it as we move forwards.

Lastly, your organic intersections are looking pretty good. You're doing a good job of wrapping the forms around one another, having them interact in 3D space, rather than just as flat shapes pasted on top of one another on a flat page. One point of critique however - you've gone pretty heavy with line weight here. Line weight should generally not be applied so thickly, as it quickly turns our forms into a flattened, graphic shape. Line weight should be subtle, because our subconscious is able to pick up on fairly minimal relative changes between the thickness of lines. We don't need to be shouting at the viewer's conscious brain - just whispering slight alterations into their subconscious.

Usually when students go a bit too heavy with line weight it suggests that they may be confusing line weight with cast shadows. The difference is that line weight clings to the silhouette of the form itself, whereas a cast shadow is projected onto another surface different from the form itself, so you won't see it going all the way around that form's silhouette.

All in all, I think there are a handful of areas where I think it would be best for you to have another opportunity to demonstrate your understanding of the material, so I'm going to assign a few additional pages below.

Next Steps:

I'd like you to submit the following:

  • 1 page of organic forms with contour ellipses

  • 1 page of organic forms with contour curves

  • 1 page of texture analyses (focus on the use of shadow shapes instead of line)

  • 1 page of form intersections

Make sure you're applying the ghosting method consistently, and I suspect that you may want to review earlier lesson material in order to refresh your memory. 7 months is a pretty long break, and it's entirely normal for your memory of the exercises and techniques to be full of holes.

When finished, reply to this critique with your revisions.
9:07 AM, Tuesday May 5th 2020

Hello Uncomfortable!

Thank you for your indepth review! I really appreciate your critique.

I have tried to pay more attention to degree of ellipses and line weight, but I have still found working with form and shadows rather than lines to be quite challenging. This was especially true for smooth surfaces that didn't have much to cast shadows. I did try to avoid erratic scribbling, attempting to capture the flow of some of the textures.

https://imgur.com/gallery/6ThDnZg

2:13 PM, Tuesday May 5th 2020

So to start, your organic forms with contour ellipses and contour curves are looking great. They're a big improvement over before.

Your texture analyses on the other hand are still missing the main point about focusing on clear shadow shapes rather than line. You definitely have made an attempt at changing your approach, but it seems to me that you may not have revisited the actual instructions for this exercise, where the examples show shadow shapes that are specifically designed and filled in. You on the other hand aren't working with specific shapes - you've got a loose idea of a shape which you then define by scribbling inside of it. It's not filled in solidly, and it doesn't have clearly defined, purposefully designed edges.

In your third row, you're essentially using a pattern of hatching lines to achieve a gradient from dense to sparse. This is thinking in the correct direction, but this exercise is all about learning how to find alternatives to hatching - to find a pattern of specific shadow shapes from your reference image whose balance of light to dark can be controlled and shifted in order to go from a dense concentration of these shapes to a much sparser one.

A tulip petal is made up of a series of ridges - little bits of the surface that have been raised up relative to its neighbours. These ridges cast shadows on their surroundings. If the light source is shining directly and strongly on the surface, then most of these ridges will get washed away, like an overexposed photograph. If the light source is extremely weak or indirect, you might get the light touching a few places, but most of these shadows are going to stretch and expand, growing larger and deeper to occupy most of the surface.

Each shadow shape is solid and black - all that matters is how big they are, and how densely crowded a particular area is.

Now, in the exercise instructions, I actually tell students for their first texture to be a crumpled paper. You didn't do this initially, though I didn't harp on it - but I do think that tackling crumpled paper would be a good idea, as it forces students to think about how they separate light from shadow. It ends up being less about cast shadows in this case, and just learning how to separate things into start black and stark white, how dark a grey needs to be before you decide it's going to be full black.

Looking at your dissections, you're still for the most part outlining every little textural form, instead of drawing the shadows those little forms cast. This forces you to draw each and every textural form in its entirety, and gives you no control over making certain areas less dense. If we look at your snake scales texture, for example (which is otherwise the best of the lot), you had no choice but to draw each and every scale in its entirety, because you outlined each and every one.

You're going to want to review the implicit/explicit texture notes. What you're doing right now is explicitly defining each textural form. What we want to be doing is drawing the shadows they cast, not the forms themselves.

Peculiarly enough, I didn't actually assign an additional page of dissections. The reason for this is that these exercises are all about introducing students to the concepts of texture. I don't expect them to do a good job of it, I just wanted to see that you could think in terms of shadow shapes, and the texture analysis was sufficient for that.

What I did assign however, which you seem to have missed (probably confusing it for dissections) was another page of form intersections.

Next Steps:

I'd like you to do a page of texture analyses with two rows only, instead of three. The first should be crumpled paper, and the second can be something of your own choosing. Pick something with solid, concrete forms - seafoam was definitely a lot less solid, and while it is a valid choice, you definitely picked something particularly difficult for yourself.

I'd also like you to submit the page of form intersections I requested before.

When finished, reply to this critique with your revisions.
9:20 AM, Thursday June 18th 2020

Hello!

I have the two rows of texture analyses and the form intersections: https://imgur.com/gallery/IvSVXCb Your advise regarding shadows really helped.

Using solid concrete forms also definetely helped. It was tricky to find a picture reference that had deep shadows from overexposure online, so I just held a flashlight to have a sharper contrast. It didn't turn out as pretty as I hoped, but I tried to follow your directions as closely I could.

I feel like I have learned a lot from these exercises, but they were definitely very challenging. I also noticed significant improvement in painting with acrylic. It became much easier to notice lines and forms.

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